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Royal Bank of Canada

Royal Bank of Canada

RY · NYSE · Financial Services / Banks - Diversified

202.31USD-0.33 (-0.16%)

Price History

Full chart

Market Stats

Previous Close202.64
Open203.40
Day Range201.13 – 204.12
52-Week Range139.70 – 216.74
Volume618.30K
Market Cap278.51B
P/E (TTM)17.58
Forward P/E16.00
EPS11.44
Dividend Yield2.50%
Beta0.91
50-Day Avg202.31
200-Day Avg188.35

About

Royal Bank of Canada operates as a diversified financial service company worldwide. Its Personal Banking segment offers home equity financing, personal lending, chequing and savings accounts, private banking, auto financing, mutual funds, GICs, credit cards, and payment products and solutions. The company's Commercial Banking segments provides lending, deposit and transaction banking products and services. Its Wealth Management segment provides a suite of wealth, investment, trust, banking, credit, and other solutions to clients; asset management products to institutional and individual clients; and asset and investor services to financial institutions, asset managers, and asset owners. The company's Insurance segment offers life, health, travel, wealth, annuities, property and casualty, and reinsurance advice and solutions; digital platforms; and independent brokers and partners, as well as client-led advice and solutions. The company's Capital Markets segment offers advisory and origination, sales and trading, lending and financing, and transaction banking services to corporations, institutional clients, asset managers, private equity firms, and governments. The company was founded in 1864 and is based in Toronto, Canada.

Company Details

  • SectorFinancial Services
  • IndustryBanks - Diversified
  • CEOMr. David I. McKay
  • Employees101.27K
  • HeadquartersRoyal Bank Plaza, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5J 2J5, USA
  • Websitehttps://www.rbc.com

Leadership

  • Mr. David I. McKayPresident, CEO & Director · b. 1963
  • Ms. Katherine GibsonChief Financial Officer
  • Ms. Maria DouvasChief Legal & Administrative Officer
  • Mr. Neil McLaughlinGroup Head of RBC Wealth Management & Insurance
  • Mr. Derek Neldner CFAGroup Head & CEO of RBC Capital Markets and Co-Head of Global Transaction Banking
  • Mr. Naim KazmiGroup Head of Technology & Operations
  • Mr. Matthew R. StopnikHead of Investment Banking
  • Mr. Asim ImranSenior VP & Head of Investor Relations
  • Ms. Kelly Michelle BradleyChief Human Resources Officer · b. 1975
  • Mr. Wayne BossertDeputy Chairman & Head of Ultra High Net Worth Clients-RBC Wealth Management

Financials

Income Statement

Currency: CAD1995-10-311996-10-311997-10-311998-10-311999-10-312000-10-312001-10-312002-10-312003-10-312004-10-312005-10-312006-10-312007-10-312008-10-312009-10-312010-10-312011-10-312012-10-312013-10-312014-10-312015-03-312015-09-302015-10-312015-12-312016-03-312016-09-302016-10-312016-12-312017-03-312017-09-302017-10-312017-12-312018-10-312019-10-312020-10-312021-10-312022-10-312023-10-312024-10-312025-10-31
Total Revenue15.77B16.47B17.36B19.30B19.70B22.84B26.87B24.77B24.55B25.27B29.37B36.05B40.98B37.57B35.01B33.49B37.10B37.31B38.41B41.85B13.38B27.86B43.05B2.80B12.42B28.82B45.98B2.81B12.59B29.44B49.89B2.89B57.58B67.35B61.15B57.68B66.83B113.45B134.49B137.36B
Growth (%)-+4.49%+5.37%+11.21%+2.03%+15.97%+17.63%-7.81%-0.88%+2.93%+16.23%+22.72%+13.69%-8.33%-6.81%-4.34%+10.78%+0.57%+2.92%+8.97%-68.04%+108.27%+54.54%-93.49%+343.08%+132.07%+59.56%-93.90%+348.80%+133.76%+69.46%-94.21%+1894.35%+16.96%-9.21%-5.68%+15.86%+69.77%+18.54%+2.13%
Cost of Revenue9.07B9.00B8.45B9.82B9.85B11.52B11.91B8.58B8.28B7.81B10.64B15.84B19.64B17.58B10.73B8.65B10.59B9.63B9.14B9.07B009.05B1.54B009.47B1.41B0010.91B1.43B16.38B23.45B18.40B7.39B18.54B64.33B80.23B75.19B
Gross Profit6.70B7.47B8.91B9.49B9.85B11.32B14.96B16.19B16.27B17.46B18.73B20.21B21.34B19.99B24.27B24.84B26.51B27.68B29.27B32.78B13.38B034.00B1.26B12.42B036.52B1.40B12.59B038.97B1.46B41.21B43.90B42.75B50.29B48.29B49.12B54.26B62.17B
Gross Margin42.48%45.35%51.32%49.14%50.00%49.56%55.67%65.36%66.26%69.08%63.76%56.06%52.09%53.21%69.34%74.18%71.46%74.19%76.21%78.33%100.00%0.00%78.97%45.00%100.00%0.00%79.41%49.76%100.00%0.00%78.12%50.43%71.56%65.19%69.91%87.19%72.26%43.30%40.34%45.26%
Operating Expense4.68B5.16B6.15B6.59B7.15B7.60B11.21B12.06B11.87B13.13B14.03B14.00B14.32B14.06B16.48B17.02B17.53B18.10B18.82B21.07B10.48B-21.38B650.02M10.95B-23.22B722.99M9.70B-24.30B771.12M25.45B27.99B28.36B29.66B28.18B30.94B34.40B36.52B
Operating Income2.02B2.31B2.76B2.90B2.70B3.72B3.75B4.13B4.39B4.32B4.70B6.20B7.03B5.92B7.80B7.83B8.98B9.59B10.45B11.71B2.89B-12.62B611.06M1.47B-13.30B673.17M2.90B-14.67B685.10M15.76B15.91B14.39B20.63B20.11B18.18B19.86B25.65B
Operating Margin12.79%14.02%15.90%15.02%13.71%16.28%13.96%16.66%17.90%17.10%16.01%17.21%17.14%15.77%22.27%23.37%24.20%25.69%27.20%27.98%21.61%-29.32%21.80%11.83%-28.92%23.99%23.00%-29.41%23.73%27.37%23.63%23.53%35.77%30.09%16.03%14.77%18.67%
EBITDA2.38B2.63B3.21B3.31B3.16B4.18B4.42B4.61B4.86B4.78B5.17B6.68B7.46B6.60B8.54B8.65B9.39B10.51B11.47B12.88B--13.87B---14.85B---16.29B-17.41B17.85B17.04B23.22B22.76B21.04B22.84B28.73B
EBITDA Margin15.08%15.99%18.46%17.14%16.04%18.28%16.46%18.60%19.78%18.91%17.59%18.55%18.20%17.56%24.40%25.82%25.31%28.17%29.86%30.78%--32.21%---32.28%---32.65%-30.24%26.50%27.86%40.26%34.06%18.54%16.99%20.92%
Net Income1.26B1.43B1.65B1.77B1.73B2.27B2.41B2.76B2.97B2.80B3.39B4.73B5.49B4.56B3.86B5.22B6.34B7.41B8.24B8.91B1.87B5.63B9.93B299.36M1.17B5.70B10.40B334.25M2.15B6.27B11.43B376.73M12.40B12.86B11.43B16.04B15.79B14.61B16.23B20.36B
Net Income Margin8.00%8.68%9.53%9.18%8.76%9.96%8.97%11.15%12.09%11.09%11.53%13.12%13.40%12.13%11.02%15.60%17.10%19.86%21.47%21.29%14.01%20.20%23.05%10.68%9.42%19.77%22.63%11.91%17.07%21.30%22.91%13.05%21.53%19.09%18.69%27.81%23.63%12.87%12.07%14.82%
R&D-----000000000000000--0---0---0-00------
R&D as % of Total Revenue-----0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%--0.00%---0.00%---0.00%-0.00%0.00%------
Interest Expense8.49B8.56B8.07B9.24B9.09B10.83B10.79B7.51B7.56B7.47B10.19B15.41B18.84B15.98B8.57B7.41B9.46B8.33B7.90B7.90B007.96B0007.92B0009.76B015.07B21.58B14.05B8.14B18.05B61.86B77.00B70.83B
Interest Expense % of Total Revenue53.84%51.98%46.49%47.88%46.13%47.42%40.16%30.34%30.81%29.55%34.69%42.75%45.98%42.55%24.47%22.12%25.49%22.32%20.57%18.88%0.00%0.00%18.48%0.00%0.00%0.00%17.23%0.00%0.00%0.00%19.57%0.00%26.17%32.05%22.97%14.12%27.02%54.53%57.25%51.56%

Balance Sheet

Currency: CAD1995-10-311996-10-311997-10-311998-10-311999-10-312000-10-312001-10-312002-10-312003-10-312004-10-312005-10-312006-10-312007-10-312008-10-312009-10-312010-10-312011-10-312012-10-312013-10-312014-10-312015-03-312015-09-302015-10-312015-12-312016-03-312016-09-302016-10-312016-12-312017-03-312017-09-302017-10-312017-12-312018-10-312019-10-312020-10-312021-10-312022-10-312023-10-312024-10-312025-10-31
Total Assets183.65B218.08B244.04B281.07B273.30B289.74B359.26B376.96B403.03B426.22B469.52B536.78B600.35B723.86B654.99B726.21B793.83B825.10B859.75B940.55B348.41B570.34B1.07T9.59B365.59B642.20B1.18T10.04B384.56B668.43B1.21T10.63B1.33T1.43T1.62T1.71T1.92T2.01T2.17T2.33T
Total Liabilities174.51B207.74B233.12B269.22B260.89B275.49B339.62B356.70B382.27B407.96B447.43B512.88B574.42B690.73B616.01B685.00B752.37B779.07B810.28B886.05B325.83B533.05B1.01T6.34B341.56B597.72B1.11T6.45B359.53B620.34B1.14T6.93B1.25T1.35T1.54T1.61T1.81T1.89T2.04T2.19T
Total Equity9.03B10.34B10.39B11.86B12.41B13.54B18.16B18.78B18.38B17.90B20.15B22.12B24.44B30.76B36.91B38.95B39.70B44.27B47.66B52.69B22.58B37.29B63.94B3.26B24.02B44.48B71.02B3.59B25.04B48.09B74.43B3.70B79.95B83.63B86.77B98.67B108.06B115.05B127.09B139.09B
Cash17.71B23.69B20.66B16.39B23.04B19.61B17.54B21.32B17.55B9.98B10.24B14.90B16.11B31.13B17.28B21.69B18.89B22.87B24.59B25.82B85.47B69.08B35.14B1.06M114.84B76.71B42.78B6.58M127.62B82.77B61.07B6.03M66.68B64.66B157.90B193.48B180.41B133.07B122.74B87.39B
Total Debt14.75B3.63B24.84B35.96B32.73B28.25B43.62B46.83B52.83B36.89B65.34B91.77B91.74B73.09B82.97B49.55B51.66B71.65B67.86B252.28B--91.94B---326.98B---86.30B-97.81B109.22B109.15B567.25B699.12B774.59B779.52B834.96B
Net Debt-2.96B-20.07B4.18B19.57B9.69B8.64B26.08B25.51B35.28B26.91B55.10B76.87B75.63B41.97B65.69B27.86B32.77B48.77B43.27B226.46B---27.78B---284.20B----51.80B--57.55B-54.84B-148.03B373.76B518.72B641.51B656.78B747.57B

Cash Flow

Currency: CAD1995-10-311996-10-311997-10-311998-10-311999-10-312000-10-312001-10-312002-10-312003-10-312004-10-312005-10-312006-10-312007-10-312008-10-312009-10-312010-10-312011-10-312012-10-312013-10-312014-10-312015-03-312015-09-302015-10-312015-12-312016-03-312016-09-302016-10-312016-12-312017-03-312017-09-302017-10-312017-12-312018-10-312019-10-312020-10-312021-10-312022-10-312023-10-312024-10-312025-10-31
Operating Cash Flow1.33B-2.30B4.03B-4.36B4.89B-11.87B-7.20B-3.03B-9.67B1.93B-29.53B-14.30B22.50B11.43B7.40B11.29B4.48B-1.65B7.08B15.17B-642.00M-380.00M24.15B298.33M11.02B4.21B26.86B811.48M11.71B2.21B37.73B804.55M17.47B14.27B138.82B61.04B21.94B26.08B23.14B55.22B
Investing Cash Flow-7.95B-27.94B-7.03B-2.12B-10.06B-4.85B-22.72B-5.86B-5.51B-15.77B-7.73B-43.93B-39.72B-44.65B15.92B-51.57B5.20B3.25B390.00M-8.22B103.00M-13.14B-25.14B-524.57M-211.00M-5.54B-21.43B-602.64M-1.06B-1.33B-15.46B-824.15M-8.02B-11.13B-39.56B-57.35B-57.05B-28.27B-20.89B-68.57B
Financing Cash Flow6.54B29.92B3.48B7.62B5.22B15.21B30.77B9.63B15.61B14.68B38.67B57.71B17.37B39.20B-25.78B41.42B-3.15B-4.20B-4.45B-5.28B-1.49B3.87B-4.43B224.94M8.78B3.50B-3.13B-203.31M-19.12B433.00M-8.65B19.05M-7.72B-7.46B-7.75B-5.93B-2.19B-9.83B-8.15B-6.71B
Capital Expenditure255.00M240.00M293.06M517.98M254.52M281.75M369.78M419.00M390.35M439.00M383.00M511.00M706.00M1.27B689.00M960.00M1.45B1.32B932.00M1.23B1.75B475.00M1.34B523.85M2.89B399.00M1.26B611.98M2.81B207.00M1.36B824.38M1.98B2.26B2.63B2.19B2.50B2.73B2.28B2.24B
Free Cash Flow1.07B-2.54B3.73B-4.88B4.64B-12.15B-7.57B-3.45B-10.06B1.49B-29.91B-14.81B21.79B10.17B6.70B10.33B3.03B-2.97B6.15B13.95B--22.81B---25.60B---36.36B-15.49B12.00B136.19B58.86B19.44B23.35B20.86B52.98B
Dividends Paid535.00M562.01M585.97M661.99M735.62M790.44M971.27M1.10B1.15B1.29B1.47B1.81B2.28B2.69B2.74B2.93B3.03B3.27B3.81B4.21B461.00M3.08B4.56B201.56M737.00M4.15B5.00B205.16M384.00M3.81B5.31B260.36M5.64B6.03B6.33B6.42B6.96B5.55B6.64B8.80B
FCF to OCF80.82%110.43%92.72%111.87%94.78%102.37%105.13%113.84%104.04%77.27%101.30%103.57%96.86%88.93%90.54%91.50%67.58%180.15%86.85%91.91%--94.46%---95.32%---96.38%-88.67%84.15%98.11%96.42%88.61%89.53%90.15%95.94%
Dividend Paid to FCF49.77%-22.13%15.69%-13.56%15.86%-6.51%-12.82%-32.04%-11.42%86.80%-4.91%-12.20%10.45%26.43%40.94%28.39%100.17%-110.28%61.92%30.19%--20.01%---19.52%---14.60%-36.40%50.19%4.65%10.91%35.80%23.77%31.82%16.61%

Earnings

Report DateSep 6, 1995Dec 5, 1995Mar 6, 1996May 29, 1996Sep 5, 1996Dec 4, 1996Mar 5, 1997May 28, 1997Aug 27, 1997Dec 3, 1997Mar 5, 1998May 26, 1998Aug 20, 1998Nov 20, 1998Feb 24, 1999May 20, 1999Aug 20, 1999Nov 19, 1999Feb 23, 2000May 18, 2000Aug 22, 2000Nov 21, 2000Feb 23, 2001May 23, 2001Aug 21, 2001Nov 20, 2001Feb 22, 2002May 22, 2002Aug 20, 2002Nov 19, 2002Feb 28, 2003May 30, 2003Aug 26, 2003Nov 25, 2003Feb 27, 2004May 27, 2004Aug 27, 2004Nov 30, 2004Feb 25, 2005May 27, 2005Aug 26, 2005Nov 30, 2005Mar 3, 2006May 26, 2006Aug 25, 2006Nov 30, 2006Mar 2, 2007May 25, 2007Aug 24, 2007Nov 30, 2007Feb 29, 2008May 29, 2008Aug 28, 2008Dec 5, 2008Feb 26, 2009May 29, 2009Aug 27, 2009Dec 4, 2009Mar 3, 2010May 27, 2010Aug 26, 2010Dec 3, 2010Mar 3, 2011May 27, 2011Aug 26, 2011Dec 2, 2011Mar 1, 2012May 24, 2012Aug 30, 2012Nov 29, 2012Feb 28, 2013May 30, 2013Aug 29, 2013Dec 5, 2013Feb 26, 2014May 22, 2014Aug 22, 2014Dec 3, 2014Feb 25, 2015May 28, 2015Aug 26, 2015Dec 2, 2015Feb 24, 2016May 26, 2016Aug 24, 2016Nov 30, 2016Feb 24, 2017May 25, 2017Aug 23, 2017Nov 29, 2017Feb 23, 2018May 24, 2018Aug 22, 2018Nov 28, 2018Feb 22, 2019May 23, 2019Aug 21, 2019Dec 4, 2019Feb 21, 2020May 27, 2020Aug 26, 2020Dec 2, 2020Feb 24, 2021May 27, 2021Aug 25, 2021Dec 1, 2021Feb 24, 2022May 26, 2022Aug 24, 2022Nov 30, 2022Mar 1, 2023May 25, 2023Aug 24, 2023Nov 30, 2023Feb 28, 2024May 30, 2024Aug 28, 2024Dec 4, 2024Feb 27, 2025May 29, 2025Aug 27, 2025Dec 3, 2025Feb 26, 2026May 28, 2026Aug 27, 2026Dec 2, 2026
EPS Estimate0.210.230.240.240.250.260.290.300.310.330.340.340.340.300.330.310.340.360.360.390.410.440.460.460.500.410.460.500.500.520.530.550.550.590.600.600.610.600.620.690.710.680.810.920.850.900.991.001.031.041.060.941.071.000.930.940.931.061.041.091.041.001.011.121.090.991.111.181.181.261.311.311.371.381.461.441.561.591.581.601.671.641.671.641.701.721.781.811.871.871.992.052.112.142.192.222.302.292.301.631.902.082.282.512.712.812.722.692.682.682.932.812.712.622.792.742.953.013.243.203.293.552.812.812.892.98
EPS Actual0.220.230.250.240.260.270.320.300.320.340.340.340.340.310.330.340.350.370.400.430.470.490.480.500.470.370.520.490.500.490.570.520.590.600.580.590.650.600.790.690.760.820.880.860.910.961.140.981.061.021.081.031.120.911.140.661.071.061.100.880.840.891.311.081.111.201.331.151.291.251.371.311.481.411.441.471.641.591.671.611.681.791.621.701.921.731.871.881.891.922.052.102.142.242.192.232.262.222.441.032.232.272.692.793.002.712.872.992.552.783.052.652.842.782.852.923.263.073.623.123.843.852.942.843.07-
Surprise4.76%0.00%4.17%0.00%4.00%3.85%10.34%0.00%3.23%3.03%0.00%0.00%0.00%3.33%0.00%9.68%2.94%2.78%11.11%10.26%14.63%11.36%4.35%8.70%-6.00%-9.76%13.04%-2.00%0.00%-5.77%7.55%-5.45%7.27%1.69%-3.33%-1.67%6.56%0.00%27.42%0.00%7.04%20.59%8.64%-6.52%7.06%6.67%15.15%-2.00%2.91%-1.92%1.89%9.57%4.67%-9.00%22.58%-29.79%15.05%0.00%5.77%-19.27%-19.23%-11.00%29.70%-3.57%1.83%21.21%19.82%-2.54%9.32%-0.79%4.58%0.00%8.03%2.17%-1.37%2.08%5.13%0.00%5.70%0.63%0.60%9.15%-2.99%3.66%12.94%0.58%5.06%3.87%1.07%2.67%3.02%2.44%1.42%4.67%0.00%0.45%-1.74%-3.06%6.09%-36.81%17.37%9.13%17.98%11.16%10.70%-3.56%5.51%11.15%-4.85%3.73%4.10%-5.69%4.80%6.11%2.15%6.57%10.51%1.99%11.73%-2.50%16.72%8.45%4.63%1.07%6.23%-
Timing--------Pre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketAfter-hoursPre-marketPre-market--Pre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketAfter-hoursPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketAfter-hoursAfter-hoursPre-marketPre-market-Pre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-market--Pre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketAfter-hoursPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketAfter-hoursPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-marketPre-market-

Key Statistics & Ratios

Market Cap278.51B
Enterprise Value-44.73B
Trailing P/E17.58
Forward P/E16.00
PEG Ratio2.26
Price / Sales4.15
Price / Book2.95
EPS11.44
Book Value68.88
Revenue (TTM)67.15B
Gross Profit (TTM)67.15B
Profit Margin33.87%
Operating Margin46.44%
Return on Equity16.21%
Return on Assets0.96%
Shares Outstanding1.38B
Shares Float1.38B
Beta0.91
Dividend Yield2.50%
Dividend Rate5.01
Payout Ratio38.36%

Analyst Ratings

Buy
Based on 15 analystsTarget 212.92
  • Strong Buy
    5
  • Buy
    4
  • Hold
    5
  • Sell
    1

Ownership Breakdown

Institutions
49.39%
Insiders
0.03%
Retail / Other
50.58%

Top Institutional Holders

  • Royal Bank of Canada
    70.22M5.07%
  • BMO Capital Markets Corp.
    60.57M4.38%
  • Bank of Montreal
    60.57M4.38%
  • Vanguard Capital Management, LLC
    42.68M3.08%
  • Fidelity International Ltd
    23.49M1.70%
  • TD Asset Management Inc
    22.97M1.66%
  • NORGES BANK
    19.91M1.44%
  • Mackenzie Investments
    18.64M1.35%
  • CIBC World Markets Inc.
    18.30M1.32%
  • FMR Inc
    17.80M1.29%
  • 1832 Asset Management L.P
    17.04M1.23%
  • NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/
    16.36M1.18%
  • Geode Capital Management, LLC
    16.05M1.16%
  • Federation des caisses Desjardins du Quebec
    13.07M0.94%
  • Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Co
    12.40M0.90%
  • Bank of Nova Scotia
    12.31M0.89%
  • TD Waterhouse Canada Inc
    11.64M0.84%

Top Fund Holders

  • Vanguard Total Intl Stock Index Inv
    20.71M1.50%
  • Vanguard Developed Markets Index Admiral
    13.66M0.99%
  • RBC Canadian Dividend Fund A
    11.42M0.83%

Dividends

20264×
1.27Oct 26, 20261.24Jul 27, 20261.19Apr 23, 20261.17Jan 26, 2026
20254×
1.11Oct 27, 20251.12Jul 24, 20251.03Apr 24, 20251.05Jan 27, 2025
20244×
1.03Oct 24, 20241.03Jul 25, 20241.01Apr 24, 20241.02Jan 24, 2024
20234×
1.00Oct 25, 20231.02Jul 25, 20230.98Apr 24, 20230.98Jan 25, 2023
20224×
0.97Oct 25, 20221.00Jul 25, 20220.96Apr 22, 20220.95Jan 25, 2022
20214×
0.87Oct 25, 20210.89Jul 23, 20210.87Apr 21, 20210.85Jan 25, 2021

Stock Splits

  • Apr 7, 20062:1
  • Oct 6, 20002:1